Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano)- White Grape:

A very important white-wine grape because it's so extensively planted. The Trebbiano (Ugni Blanc)grape is most often blended with varieties exhibiting more dominant traits. Originating in central Italy, Trebbiano (Ugni Blanc) spread throughout that country and across the border to become France's most important white variety as well. In Italy it's so extensively grown that in some areas it's difficult to find a bottle of white wine that doesn't contain some Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano). There are many different Trebbiano clones, Trebbiano Toscano and Trebbiano Romagnolo being the most important. Trebbiano Abruzzo, however, is actually a different variety-bombino bianco.
In France, where this grape is known by various names including Ugni Blanc and Saint-Émilion, large amounts of Trebbiano wine is processed into brandy, including the finest from cognac and armagnac. Other French names for this grape include Clairette Ronde and Clairette Rose-sometimes confusing because there's an entirely different variety called clairette.
Trebbiano is also planted in eastern Europe, Australia, South America, and Portugal, where it's called Thalia. It's known as Saint-Emilion in California and planted mainly in the san joaquin valley, where it's primary use is in the production of brandy.

       Muscat- White Grape:

Muscat A very old grape with a great history, Muscat grapes range in color from pale gold to golden brown. Named for the particularly musky scent, this grape will produce wines that are distinctly delicate and aromatic. Wines made form Muscat grapes tend to be refreshingly sweet and pale to deep golden color.

       Chardonnay- White Grape:

The most prestigious of the white varietals. This timeless grape could easily be the most favored white grape on the market today. Generally dry and tart with a pleasant acidity, the juice of this grape appears anywhere from straw yellow to pale gold in color. Complex and varying in bouquet and color, some aging is important in achieving the full potential of Chardonnay. It is, in fact, one of the few whites which can age well for up to 6 or 8 years.

Main grapes:

       Carignan - Red grape

Although this red grape originated in northern spain's cariñena district, it's become the most widely grown red grape in france, especially throughout the languedoc-roussillon region. It's also extensively grown in other countries ringing the Mediterranean including Italy and Spain. It was also once the most widely planted red grape in California (where it's spelled Carignane), mostly in the San Joaquin Valley. With its high yields, Carignan produces more red wine than any other grape variety-most of it very ordinary. This grape is noted for its deep purple color, high tannins, and high alcohol. At its best, it produces wines that are fruity and spicy. Carignan is most often blended with wines from softer grapes, primarily grenache and cinsaut. Carignan is also called Carignano, Cariñena, Mazuelo, Monestel, and Roussillonen.

       Cabernet-Sauvignon - Red Grape:

The most austere of the red grapes, Cabernet Sauvignon is a small, pulpy deep red in color with distinctive flavor and aroma. It produces wines which are medium to dry, full-bodied and deep red in color. The aroma and flavor of Cabernet wines tend to be complex, often woody or reminiscent of herbs. These wines are immensely pleasing to both the nose and palate, especially when given sufficient time to mature. Complex in both aroma and flavor, Cabernet is well paired with beef, lamb, game or any classic French cuisine.

       Mourvèdre - Red Grape:

Though best known today for its presence in southern France, this red-wine grape is thought to have originated in Spain's CATALONIA region. Mourvèdre produces good-quality, garnet-colored wines with SPICY, PEPPERY characteristics. They can, however, be a bit TANNIC and HARD and are at their best when blended with other grape varieties. Mourvèdre is the principal component in the BANDOL red and ROSÉ wines of France's PROVENCE region. In other red wines-such as those from CÔTES DU RHÔNE, CHÂTEAUNEUF-DU-PAPE, and CÔTES DE PROVENCE-Mourvèdre is used to improve color and STRUCTURE. Although there's recently been renewed interest in California, only small amounts of this variety are currently grown in California and Australia; it's known in both places as Mataro. Mourvèdre is sometimes called Balzac or Esparte.

       Syrah - Red Grape

This high-quality red-wine grape gained its reputation in France's rhône region. Thought to have originated in the Middle East, the ancient Syrah grape has been grown in the Rhône valley at least since Roman times. In the northern Rhône, Syrah is the principal grape of the esteemed wines from cornas, côte-rôtie, crozes-hermitage, hermitage, and saint-joseph. When young, these wines are deep-colored and tannic, with strong tar, spice, and pepper qualities. Syrahs are long-lived, and as they slowly mature, they take on characteristics of sweet blackberries, black currants, and plums, with hints of smokiness.
Shriaz, as Syrah is called in Austalia, made its way ther in the 1830s and is now that country's most widely planted red grape. Because this grape's so widely cultivated in Australia, an extensive variety of wine styles are produced there — from jug wines to very serious wines of international renown.
In California the petite sirah grape was long thought to be Syrah, but some enologists now believe it actually may be the durif variety. True Syrah has been increasingly planted in California over the years.